Current movements for self-governance in 2025

Self-governance movements in 2025 manifest in diverse forms and across various scales:

• Indigenous Self-Determination: Many Indigenous groups globally continue to advocate for greater self-governance and control over their lands, resources, and cultural heritage. In the United States, for instance, over 50% of federal Indian programs are now carried out by Tribes themselves, demonstrating the increasing realization of Tribal Self-Governance. This involves managing and redesigning programs, as well as utilizing resources, to address their unique needs, according to the Indian Health Service.
• Regional Autonomy and Independence Movements: Throughout the world, numerous regions seek increased autonomy or outright independence from existing states.
  • Europe: Catalonia (Spain), Scotland (United Kingdom), and the Basque Country (shared between Spain and France) are prominent examples of regions with active movements for greater self-governance, according to a Facebook post.
  • Asia: Groups in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and East Turkestan (Xinjiang) advocate for self-determination and increased autonomy from China. In India, some Kashmiris advocate for independence, citing political underrepresentation, economic exploitation, and cultural oppression.
  • Africa: Regions like Cabinda (Angola), Ogaden (Ethiopia), and Somaliland (Somalia) have ongoing movements seeking independence or greater autonomy.
• Decentralization and Local Governance Initiatives: Some movements focus on decentralizing power and strengthening local governance within existing national frameworks. This can involve initiatives like participatory budgeting and other forms of inclusive governance, aiming to increase citizen participation and decision-making at the local level.
• Digital Platforms and Self-Governance: The rise of online platforms has created new avenues for self-governance within marginalized populations and informal economies. For instance, ride-hailing drivers have formed grassroots movements to advocate for their rights and establish forms of self-organization, contributing to political change and more resilient cities.
• Calls for Constitutional Reform: Organizations in the United States, such as Citizens for Self-Governance (CSG), are actively working towards calling a convention to amend the U.S. Constitution. CSG seeks to reduce the federal government's authority over states, impose fiscal restraints, and implement term limits for federal officials. 

Challenges and considerations

These movements face various challenges, including political opposition, potential for conflict, and the need to find consensus-based solutions within diverse communities. Some movements, particularly those with secessionist goals, often encounter resistance from established governments. Additionally, the effectiveness of self-governance initiatives depends on factors like ensuring individual freedoms, protecting the rule of law, and addressing social inequalities.